Bio-Botany
Reproduction in Plants
- Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Genetics
- Classical Genetics
- Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Biotechnology
- Principles and Processes of Biotechnology 6
- Plant Tissue Culture
Plant Ecology
- Principles of Ecology
- Ecosystem
- Environmental Issues
Economic Botany
- Plant Breeding
- Economically Useful Plants and Entrepreneurial Botany
Bio-Chemistry
Cell Membrane
- discuss the structure and composition of a biological cell membrane
- explain the biomemebrane models
- describe the transport of substances across the membrane
- examine the properties of membrane
- explain the various buffer systems and functions
Digestion
- recognise the anatomy of digestive system
- understand the digestive glands and their secretions
- Deliberate the mechanical and chemical aspects of digestion
- explain the role of digestive enzymes in digestion of macromolecules
- describe different modes of absorption and assimilation of nutrients
- recognise the role of gastro-intestinal hormones in digestion
Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Describe the metabolic processes catabolism and alnabolism.
- Describe the reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
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Describe the reactions of Hexose mono- phosphate shuttle pathway and TCA Cycle.
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Synthesis of glucose from non – carbohydrate sources
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Discuss the types, symptoms and cases of diabetes.
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Explain the protocol to determine blood glucose level.
Protein Metabolism
- Understand the general reactions concerned with the catabolism of dietary amino acids
- Comprehend the various ways in which the amino groups of the amino acids are removed
- Reciprocate the removal of carboxyl groups and fate of carbon skeletons of the amino acids
- Emulate (Reproduce) the reactions of Urea cycle and realize that the amino groups of amino acids are removed in the form of urea by liver
- Understand that the amino acids also serve as precursors for many biologically important compounds
Lipid Metabolism
- recognise the nutritional importance of lipids
- explain the β -Oxidation of fatty acid.
- describe the cholesterol synthesis.
- recall various products of cholesterol
- describe phospholipids synthesis
- Understands enzymatic hydralyse by phospholipids
- recognise alter Atherosclerosis
Molecular biology
- Explain the central dogma of Molecular Biology.
- Explain the replication process.
- Describe the mechanism of RNA synthesis.
- Explain the structure of activated tRNA.
- Describe the mechanism of protein synthesis.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Biochemical basis of Inborn errors of metabolism
- Types of inborn errors of metabolism
- Causes and symptoms of Galactosemia
- Causative factors of Von Gierke disease
- Various types of haemophilia and clotting factors
- Ocular and oculo-cutaneous albinism
- Causes and symptoms of Alkaptonuria
- Causative factors of Tay – Sachs disease.
Biological Oxidation
- Explain the cellular respiration and how cells make ATP
- The basis of redox reaction and redox potential
- Structural insights of mitochondria
- Components of Electron transport chain
- Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
- The basis of oxidative phosphorylation
- ATP synthesis and mechanics of ATP synthase
- Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation
Enzyme Kinetics
- Derive the Michaelis – Menten equation.
- Understand the types of enzyme inhibitors.
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Explain the differences between competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition
Immunology
- Understand the basic concepts of infection.
- Identify few infectious diseases.
- Understand the differences between innate and adaptive immunity.
- List out the functions of antibodies.
- Carry out blood grouping tests
Bio-Zoology
Reproduction in Organisms
- Modes of reproduction
- Asexual reproduction
- Sexual reproduction
Human Reproduction
- Human reproductive system
- Gametogenesis
- Menstrual cycle
- Fertilization and implantation
- Maintenance of pregnancy and embryonic development
- Parturition and lactation
Reproductive Health
- Need for reproductive health problems and strategies
- Amniocentesis and its statutory ban
- Social impact of sex ratio, female foeticide and infanticide
- Population explosion and birth control
- Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)
- Sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
- Infertility
- Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
- Detection of foetal disorders during early pregnancy
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Multiple alleles
- Human blood groups
- Genetic control of Rh factor
- Sex determination
- Sex linked inheritance
- Karyotyping
- Pedigree analysis
- Mendelian disorders
- Chromosomal abnormalities
Molecular Genetics
- Gene as the functional unit of inheritance
- In search of the genetic material
- DNA is the genetic material
- Chemistry of nucleic acids
- RNA world
- Properties of genetic material
- Packaging of DNA helix
- DNA Replication
- Transcription
- Genetic code
- tRNA – the adapter molecule
- Translation
- Regulation of Gene expression
- Human Genome Project (HGP)
- DNA finger printing technique
Evolution
- Origin of life - Evolution of life forms
- Geological time scale
- Biological evolution
- Evidences for biological evolution
- Theories of biological evolution
- Mechanism of evolution
- Hardy Weinberg principle
- Origin and evolution of man
Human Health and Diseases
- Human Health and Diseases
- Maintenance of personal and public hygiene
- Basic concepts of immunology
- Immunodeficiency diseases
- Autoimmune diseases
- Adolescence – Drug and alcohol abuse
- Mental health – Depression
Microbes in Human Welfare
- Microbes in household products
- Microbes in industrial products
- Microbes in sewage treatment and energy generation
- Microbes in the production of biogas
- Bioremediation
Applications of Biotechnology
- Applications of Biotechnology
- Gene therapy
- Stem Cell Therapy
- Molecular Diagnostics
- Transgenic Animals
- Biological products and their uses
- Animal cloning
- Ethical issues
Organisms and Populations
- Organism and its Environment
- Habitat
- Major Abiotic Components or Factors
- Concept of Biome and their Distribution
- Responses to abiotic factors
- Adaptations
- Populations
- Population attributes
- Population age distribution
- Growth models / Curves
- Population regulation
- Population interaction
Biodiversity and its Conservation
- Biodiversity
- Importance of biodiversity – Global and India
- Biogeographical regions of India
- Threats to biodiversity
- Causes of Biodiversity Loss
- IUCN
- Biodiversity and its conservation
Environmental Issues
- Pollution
- Air Pollution
- Water Pollution
- Noise Pollution
- Agrochemicals
- Biomagnification
- Eutrophication
- Organic Farming and its Implementation
- Solid Waste Management
- Ecosan Toilets
