Physics Volume-1
Electrostatics
- Historical background of electricity and magnetism
- The role of electrostatic force in day – to-day life
- Coulomb’s law and superposition principle
- The concept of electric field
- Calculation of electric field for various charge configurations
- Electrostatic potential and electrostatic potential energy
- Electric dipole and dipole moment
- Electric field and electrostatic potential for a dipole
- Electric flux
- Gauss law and its various applications
- Electrostatic properties of conductors and dielectrics
- Polarisation
- Capacitors in series and parallel combinations
- Effect of a dielectric in a capacitor
- Distribution of charges in conductors, corona discharge
- Working of a Van de Graaff generator
Current Electricity
- Flow of charges in a metallic conductor
- Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics
- Carbon resistors and combination of resistors
- Kirchhoff ’s laws - Wheatstone’s bridge and its applications
- Electric power and Electric energy
- Heating effect - Joule’s law – applications
- Thermoelectric effects – Seebeck effect – Peltier effect – Thomson effect
Magnetism and magnetic effects of electric current
- Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements
- Basic properties of magnets
- Statement of Coulomb inverse square law of magnetism
- Magnetic dipole
- Magnetic field due to a dipole along axial line and equatorial line
- Torque acting on a bar magnet in a uniform magnetic field
- Potential energy of a bar magnet placed in a uniform magnetic field
- Magnetic properties – permeability, susceptibility etc
- Classification of magnetic materials – dia, para and ferro magnetic materials
- Concept of Hysteresis
- Magnetic effects of electric current – long straight conductor and circular coil
- Right hand thumb rule and Maxwell’s right hand cork screw rule
- Biot-Savart’s law – applications
- Tangent law and Tangent Galvanometer
- Current loop as a magnetic dipole
- Magnetic dipole moment of revolving electron
- Ampère’s circuital law – applications
- Solenoid and toroid
- Lorentz force – charged particle moving in an electromagnetic field
- Cyclotron
- Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field
- Force between two long parallel current carrying conductor
- Torque on a current loop in a magnetic field
- Moving Coil Galvanometer
Electromagnetic Induction And Alternating Current
- the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
- the application of Lenz’s law to find the direction of induced emf
- the concept of Eddy current and its uses
- the phenomenon of self-induction and mutual-induction
- the various methods of producing induced emfs
- the construction and working of AC generators
- the principle of transformers and its role in long distance power communication
- the notion of root mean square value of alternating current
- the idea of phasors and phase relationships in different AC circuits
- the insight about power in an AC circuit and wattless current
- the understanding of energy conservation during LC oscillations
Electromagnetic waves
- the displacement current
- Maxwell’s correction to Ampere's circuital law
- Maxwell’s equation in integral form
- production and properties of electromagnetic waves – Hertz’s experiment
- sources of electromagnetic waves
- electromagnetic spectrum
Physics Volume-2
Optics
- The two aspects of treating light as a ray and a wave.
- Th e behaviour and propagation of light.
- Th e concepts related to mirrors, lenses, prisms etc.
- Th e diff erent optical instruments like microscope, telescope etc.
- Th e terms like magnifi cation and resolving power etc.
- Th e various phenomena that support the wave nature of light.
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- the phenomenon of electron emission and its types
- the observations of Hertz, Hallwachs and Lenard
- photoelectric effect and its laws
- the concept of quantization of energy
- photo cell and its applications
- particle nature of radiation
- the wave nature of matter
- de Broglie equation and de Broglie wavelength of electron
- the construction and working of electron microscope
- Davisson and Germer experiment
- X-rays and its production
- X-rays spectra and its types
Atomic and Nuclear physics
- electric discharge through the gases
- determination of specifi c charge by J.J. Thomson experiment
- determination of electronic charge by Millikan’s oil drop experiment
- atom models – J.J. Th omson and Rutherford
- Bohr atom model and hydrogen atom
- atomic spectrum and hydrogen spectrum
- structure and properties of nucleus
- various classifi cation of nuclei based on atomic and mass number
- mass defect and binding energy
- relation between stability and binding energy curve
- alpha, beta and gamma decay
- law of radioactive decay
- nuclear fi ssion and fusion
- elementary ideas of nuclear reactors
- qualitative idea of elementary particles
Semiconductor Electronics
- Energy band diagram in semiconductors
- Types of semiconductors
- Formation of p-n junction diode and its V-I characteristics
- Rectification process
- Special purpose diodes
- Transistors and their immediate applications
- Digital and analog signals
- Logic gates
- Boolean algebra
- De Morgan’s theorem
Communication Systems
- Basic elements of communication system
- Need for modulation and its types
- Propagation of electromagnetic waves through space
- Satellite communication
- Fiber optic communication
- Radar
- Internet
- Global positioning system
- Applications of communication technology in fi shing, mining, and agriculture sectors.
Recent Developments in Physics
- Importance of physis for the development in all spheres
- Physis as the basic building block for engineering and technology
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Physis in robotics
- Principles of physis in medical diagnosis and theraphy
- Realise that the foundation to explore recent developments is covered in higher secondary physis
- Student are equipped to face challenge in higher education comfortably and confidently
