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12th Physics Monthly Test - 2 ( Atomic and Nuclear physics )

St. Britto Hr. Sec. School - Madurai

12th Physics Monthly Test - 2 ( Atomic and Nuclear physics )-Aug 2020

Time : 2.00 Hours

Part - A

Generic 2 - Answer All Question

What is the reason for using lighter nuclei as moderators?

A fusion reaction is more energetic than a fission reaction. Why?

Why are heavy nuclei unstable?

What is half-life of nucleus? Give the expression.

Give the physical meaning of binding energy per nucleon.
What is binding energy of a nucleus? Give its expression.

Give the symbolic representation of alpha decay, beta decay and gamma decay.

Why neutrons in the nucleus are stable?

Give the results of Rutherford alpha scattering experiment.

What is isobar? Give an example.
Define the ionization energy and ionization potential.

Calculate the energy equivalent of 1 atomic mass unit.

What is nuclear chain reaction?

Comment on the statement - "A nucleus contains to electrons and can eject them"

What is isotone? Give an example.

Write a general notation of nucleus of element X. What each term denotes?

What is meant by nuclear fission?

Classify the neutrons according to their kinetic energy.

What is distance of closest approach?

What are the essential parts of a nuclear reactor?

What is isotope? Give an example.

Define curie.

The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. What are k.E & P.E of the electron in this state?

What is meant by activity or decay rate? Give its unit.

What causes the sun to expand?

What is meant by excitation energy?

Write down the postulates of Bohr atom model.

Part - B

Generic 5 - Answer All Question

Two stable isotopes of lithium \(^{ 6 }_{ 3 }\)Li and \(^{ 7 }_{ 3 }\)Li have respective abundances of 7.5% and 92.5%. These isotopes have masses 6.01512 u and 7.01600 u respectively. Find the atomic mass of lithium.

Half lives of two radioactive elements A and B are 20 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. Initially, the samples have equal number of nuclei. Calculate the ratio of decayed numbers of A and B nuclei after 80 minutes.

Calculate the amount of \(^{ 210 }_{ 84 }\)Po required to the particle of activity 5 millicurie. Given half-life of Po = 138 days, N_A = 6.023 x 10²³, 1 curie= 3.7 x 10¹⁰ disintegrations.

Characol pieces of tree is found from an archeological site. The carbon-14 content of this characol is only 17.5% that of equivalent sample of carbon from a living tree. What is the age of tree?

Discuss the process of nuclear fusion and how energy is generated in stars?

The half-life of \(^{ 90 }_{ 38 }\)Sr is 28 years. What is the disintegration rate of 15 mg of this isotope?
Consider the case of bombardment of ²³⁵U nucleus with a thermal neutron. The fission products are ⁹⁵Mo and ¹³⁹La and two neutrons. Calculate the energy released. (Rest masses of the nuclides : ²³⁵U = 235.0439 u,
\(^{ 1 }_{ 0 }\)n = 1.0087 u, ⁹⁵Mo = 94.9058 u, ¹³⁹La = 138.9061 u, Take 1 u = 931 MeV.)

Discuss the alpha decay process with example.

Calculate the time required for 60% of a sample of radon undergo decay. Given T_1/2 of radon = 3.8 days.

Show that the mass of radium (\(_{ 88 }^{ 226 }{ Ra }\)) with an activity of I curie is almost a gram. Given T_1/2 = 1600 years.

Determine the distance of closest approach when an alpha particle of kinetic energy 4.5 MeV strikes a nucleus of Z = 80, stops and reverses its direction.

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