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12th Physics Monthly Test - 1 ( Atomic and Nuclear physics )

St. Britto Hr. Sec. School - Madurai

12th Physics Monthly Test - 1 ( Atomic and Nuclear physics )-Aug 2020

Time : 2.30 Hours

Part - A

Multiple Choice Question - Answer All Question

The orbits in which electrons supposed to be revolving according to Rutherford are ___________.

square-shaped
circular
rectangular
linear

The first nuclear reactor was built at _________

Newyork
San Fransisco
New Jersey
Chicago

Assertion : Electrons in the atom are held due to coulomb forces.
Reason : The atom is stable only because the centripetal force due to coulomb's law is balanced by the centrifugal force.

Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is the false explanation of the Assertion.
Assertion is true but Reason is false.
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Bohr's postulate is based on
conservation oflinear momentum

quantisation of angular momentum

conservation of quantum frequency

none of these
In gamma ray emission from nucleus
both the neutron number and the proton number change

there is no change in neutron number and the proton number change

only the neutron number changes

only the proton number changes

The direction of viscous force in Millikan's oil drop experiment is

always downwards
always upwards
opposite to the direction of motion of the oil drop
either upwards or downwards

The explosion of hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of

uncontrolled fission reaction
nuclear fusion reaction
controlled fission
photo electric effect

The ratio of areas enclosed by first three Bohr orbits of hydrogen atom is

1:2:3
1:8:27
1 : 4: 9
1 : 16 : 81

Which of the following is used as a moderator and coolant in nuclear reaction?

cadmium
uranium
plutonium
heavy water

Irene Curie and F. Joliot discovered ______ in the year 1934.

natural radioactivity
fluorescence
artificial radioactivity
hydrogen bomb

In a discharge tube, the source of positive rays is

cathode
anode
gas atoms present in the discharge tube
fluorescent screen

If the nuclear radius of ²⁷Al is 3.6 fermi, the approximate nuclear radius of ⁶⁴Cu is

2.4
1.2
4.8
3.6

The nucleus is approximately spherical in shape. Then the surface area of nucleus having mass number A varies as.

A^2/3
A^4/3
A^1/3
A^5/3

Graphite is used as a _______ in nuclear reactors.

moderator
coolant
detector
fuel

Pressurised heavy-water reactors in our country generally use ________ as fuel.

natural uranium oxide
radioactive phosphorous
titanium dioxide
plutonium

\(\alpha\)-rays consist of \(\alpha\)-particles, which are ___ nuclei.

hydrogen
helium
heavy water
boron

Part - B

Generic 2 - Answer All Question

Which ray has high ionising power? Why?

What is mass defect?

What are cathode rays?

What are the constituent particles of neutron and proton?

Write down the postulates of Bohr atom model.

Define atomic mass unit u.

Give the symbolic representation of alpha decay, beta decay and gamma decay.
What is meant by nuclear fission?

What is nuclear chain reaction?

What is distance of closest approach?
Calculate the energy equivalent of 1 atomic mass unit.

Show that nuclear density is almost constant for nuclei with Z > 10.

Classify the neutrons according to their kinetic energy.

A fusion reaction is more energetic than a fission reaction. Why?

Define the ionization energy and ionization potential.
What is meant by radioactivity?

What is meant by excitation energy?

Part - C

Generic 3 - Answer All Question

If the total number of neutrons and protons in a nuclear reaction is conserved how than is the energy absorbed or evolved in the reaction? Explain.

With respect to power generation, what are the relative advantages and disadvantages of fusion type and Fission type reactors?

What are radioactive elements? What are the factors that affect radio activity?

What does a neutron moderator do?

Show that the decay rate 'R' of a sample of a radionuclide is related to the number of radioactive nuclei 'N' at the same instant by the expression R = \(\lambda\)N.

Define atomic mass unit. Find its energy equivalent in MeV.

What is the diameter of H₂ atom?

Write the properties of neutrino?

Energy released per fission of a nucleus is of the order of 200 MeV whereas that per fusion is of the order of 10 MeV. But a fusion bomb (Hydrogen bomb) is said to be more powerful than a fission bomb. Explain why?

Part - D

Generic 5 - Answer All Question

Obtain the amount of \(^{ 60 }_{ 27 }\)Co necessary to provide a radioactive source of 8.0 mCi strength. The half-life of \(^{ 60 }_{ 27 }\)Co is 5.3 years.

Explain the variation of average binding energy with the mass number by graph and discuss its features.

(a) A hydrogen atom is excited by radiation of wavelength 97.5 nm. Find the principal quantum number of the excited state.
(b) Show that the total number of lines in emission spectrum is \(\frac { n(n-1) }{ 2 } \) and compute the total number of possible lines in emission spectrum.

About 185 MeV of usable energy is released is the neutron induced fissioning of a \(^{ 235 }_{ 92 }\)U nucleus. If the reactor using \(^{ 235 }_{ 92 }\)U as fuel continuously generates 100 MW of power, how long will it take for 1 kg of the uranium to be used up?

Discuss the alpha decay process with example.

On your birthday, you measure the activity of the sample ²¹⁰Bi which has a half-life of 5.01 days. The initial activity that you measure is 1\(\mu \)Ci. (a) What is the approximate activity of the sample on your next birthday? Calculate (b) the decay constant (c) the mean life (d) initial number of atoms.

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